Ozempic is an injectable medication primarily used to help adults with type 2 diabetes manage blood sugar. It’s not marketed as a weight-loss drug, but it is part of a group called GLP-1s. These medications are known as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogs. Other medications in this class are Zepbound, Wegovy, and Saxenda. They all have FDA approval for managing chronic weight. These medications may have risks for some individuals with eating disorders. They can worsen malnourishment and affect mental health negatively.
Understanding GLP-1 Medications and Ozempic
GLP-1 drugs mimic naturally occurring hormones that regulate blood sugar and appetite. They stimulate insulin release, reduce hunger signals in the brain, and slow digestion, which can lead to decreased food intake. Ozempic also helps prevent the liver from releasing stored sugar, making it effective for managing type 2 diabetes. The drug suppresses appetite, which can be concerning. It may pose risks for people with eating disorders or those at risk.
Ozempic’s Connection to Eating Disorders
GLP-1 drugs may help reduce hunger, lower food reward, and boost feelings of fullness. However, they might also trigger or worsen eating disorders in some people. Eating disorder researcher Dr. Cynthia Bulik cautions that this “focus on weight and erasing the desire to eat could indeed do harm.”
If you have a history of eating disorders, it’s important to evaluate carefully before starting these medications. It is also important to monitor at-risk patients for Ozempic misuse, such as taking too much of the medication. Physicians should work with dietitians and mental health experts to provide comprehensive care for patients. The team must keep an eye on both physical and mental health while patients take these medications.
Psychological and Physical Impacts of Ozempic
Some people fear that semaglutide weight-loss drugs may increase weight stigma. There is a concern that these medications are normalizing and perpetuating the thin ideal.
Physically, malnourishment is a potential side effect of these medications. This can harm someone recovering from an eating disorder. They may have had trouble sticking to a balanced meal plan before. Additionally, rapid and significant weight loss can have negative health impacts, such as:
- Decreases in muscle and bone mass
- Changes in metabolic rate
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Dehydration
It is critical that this information is shared with people who are considering taking these medications. Doctors far too often focus on the benefits of GLP-1 medications when discussing informed consent. They highlight how these drugs can help control diabetes, reduce cardiovascular disease, and lower mortality rates. Patients should know that we have little data on how these medications affect those with eating disorders. There is a risk that they could worsen restrictive eating and body image issues for people with a history of anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder.
Expert Insights and Concerns Around GLP-1s and Eating Disorders
While still relatively new, reports from doctors and patients around GLP-1s and eating disorders vary widely. Many experts believe that more research is essential. We can’t make strong, evidence-based conclusions about GLP-1s and eating disorders yet.
Dr. Kim Dennis, CEO and Chief Medical Officer at SunCloud Health, states in a NEDA article that “There has been very little research done on the impact of taking GLP-1’s in people with eating disorders…When we review the scientific literature on studies looking at GLP-1 medications in eating disorders, we find precious little at this point (2024). The few studies that have been conducted have shown mixed results.”
Susan McElroy, MD, a researcher on eating disorders at the University of Cincinnati, shares an anecdote that supports this. She states that “some patients have reported GLP-1s triggering anorexia, while others say the drugs have been the only solution to address binge eating disorder.”
These differing experiences highlight the need for more research and data on the subject.
Can Weight Loss Medications be Used Responsibly?
Healthcare providers should take a cautious, personalized approach when prescribing GLP-1 medications. They should assess medical history closely, looking for any previous issues with eating disorders, anxiety, or depression. Ongoing monitoring and collaboration among providers can help ensure safe and effective treatment. If a patient has a history or current diagnosis of an eating disorder, more frequent follow-up should be standard (i.e., every 2 weeks instead of quarterly).
Supporting Those with Eating Disorders
Weight-loss drugs like semaglutide are becoming popular. It’s important to spot triggers for eating disorders and address weight bias.
We can support our loved ones by:
- Listening to their concerns.
- Practicing weight neutrality and size inclusivity.
- Helping them identify and reject negative body ideals.
Here are some helpful tips for supporting a loved one with an eating disorder:
Be Patient: Recovering from an eating disorder can be a challenging journey that may involve setbacks and relapses. Be patient if progress is slow.
Learn More: Educate yourself about eating disorders, including their symptoms and treatment options. This knowledge will help you best support your loved one on their path to wellness.
